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Specifications

COMPUTABLE HUMAN PHANTOMS

ViP 3.0 / ViP 4.0

• Native support for the latest generation of the Virtual Population ViP3.x
• Neuro-functionalized Virtual Population ViP 4.0 models: Yoon-sun V4.0 and Jeduk V4.0
• Largest library of 3D high resolution CAD-based phantoms available on the market
• Grid-independent (not based on voxel data), CAD-based anatomical phantom data
• More than 15 full body anatomical human phantoms
• More than 10 anatomical head models (children, adult, male, female, European, Asian)
• High resolution head model with integrated detailed deep brain structures and anisotropy information
• Dedicated ViP Hands Library, consisting of 12 right hands and parts of the forearm
• Posable anatomical models and support for the parameterization of additional models
• Poser based on biomechanical FEM simulation
• Interactive model morphing tool
• Extensive online literature-based tissue parameter database
• Integrated generation of high quality surface models from voxel and image data

ViZoo 1.0

• Set of high-resolution animal models (developed by IT’IS Foundation)
• Addressing the needs for optimizing the planning of animal experiments
• CAD models can be imported into Sim4Life and then discretized at an arbitrary resolution
• Enabling the user to obtain completely mesh-independent arrangement of complex setups

PHYSICS MODELS / SOLVERS

Electromagnetics Full Wave Solvers (P-EM-FDTD)

• Transient, Broadband, and Harmonic simulations (Time-Domain Solver)
• Results from time and frequency domains
• Automatic simulation termination
• ARMA engine for early time convergence detection
• Non-homogeneous intelligent gridder engine (geometry detection)
• Unique adaptive subgridding algorithm (from Acceleware)
• Run-time monitoring
• Lossy dielectric and magnetic materials
• Frequency-dependent dielectric and magnetic materials (Debye, Lorentz, Drude, Drude-Lorentz)
• Metamaterials (double negative)
• Non-linear materials (Kerr-Effect, Raman-Scattering)
• Lossy real metals, thin metal sheets and coatings
• Temperature relevant parameters for T and EM-T solver
• Predefined materials database (metals, dielectrics, anatomical)
• User-defined signal source (pulse, step, saw, arbitrary, etc.)
• Discrete sources (1-D, single edge)
• Plane-wave and Huygens box sources (total-field /scattered-field)
• Remote and Iterative Huygens engines (incl. backscattering)
• Anisotropic materials support for EM FDTD CUDA accelerated solvers
• Lumped elements (R, L, C, predefined serial/parallel)
• Parametric sources, lumped elements, sensors
• ABC, PEC, PMC, periodic boundaries
• Analytic boundaries (Mur, Higdon)
• UPML and CPML boundaries with adjustable absorption
• Execution through Command Line or GUI
• SIBC accelerated for Broadband and Harmonic simulations
• Fully automated multi-port SParameter extraction
• Results of S-Parameters extracted vs. frequency or in steady state

Quasi-Static EM Solvers (P-EM-QS)

• 3D static solver
• Electrostatic and Electro quasi-static
• Magnetostatic and Magneto quasi-static with constant permeability
• Coupled with Thermal solvers
• Automated simulation & analysis process for WPT compliance assessment
• 3D LF solvers, E/H integrated into Sim4Life
• FEM based (rectilinear grids)
• Floating metals in ES and EQS
• Automatic simulation termination
• Tools to create anisotropic conductivity distributions
• Use of magnetic field data measured using MAGPy as the source to simulate induced field in a phantom
• Non-homogeneous intelligent gridder engine (geometry detection)
• Results of S-Parameters extracted vs. frequency or in steady state

Unstructured Quasi-Static EM Solvers (P-EM-UQS)

Thermodynamics Solvers (P-THERMAL)

• T standalone solver
• Coupled EM-T, extended Pennes Bioheat Equation for BioEM
• Discrete vessel model for BioEM
• Steady state T solver
• Multiple EM sources (not bound to single simulation)
• Correlated/uncorrelated superposition of fields, individual scaling
• Pulsed excitation/time profile, on-off switch
• T dependent tissues (electric conductivity, SAR, blood perfusion)
• Time dependent specific heat generation rates
• Tensorial heat diffusion
• Spline-based vessels
• Conformal subcell T solver
• Flexible boundary-conditions (Neumann, Dirichlet, mixed, for every interface and every direction)
• Extended T solver functionality (field optimization extended features)
• Thermal ablation (tissue damage) measure
• Convective flow term
• LF solver results as T sources
• Field statistics for T results

Acoustics Solvers (P-ACOUSTICS)

• Linear & non-linear 3D full-wave solvers based on the Westervelt-Lighthill equation (expanded with density variation terms to account for the presence of bones & strongly reflecting material)
• Database of acoustic properties
• Tailored to the simulation of large ultrasonic arrays comprising hundreds to thousands of piezoelectric elements
• Applicable to both audible acoustics and therapeutic ultrasound simulations
• Coupled with the thermal solver to calculate temperature increases induced by deposited acoustic energy
• Tailored to the simulation of entirely heterogeneous simulation domains
• Multi-core and GPU acceleration (fastest ultrasonic solver on the market)
• Capable of simulating entire therapeutic FUS setups involving large anatomical models in minutes
• Enables simulations with arbitrarily shaped transducers & arrays
• Equipped with inhomogeneous PML modules, allowing for domain truncation through inhomogeneous anatomy, thus restricting the domain size without the need for excessive padding

TISSUE MODELS / SOLVERS

Neuronal Tissue Models (T-NEURO)

• Dynamic modeling of EM-induced neuronal activation inhibition & synchronization
• Unidirectional coupling with the EM-QS and Thermal solver
• Accurately and efficiently dealing with neural sensing sensing
• Powerful Hessian Calculator for the investigation of electrical neuro-stimulation within the complexity of the human anatomy
• New class of axon models, the A-Delta class, of spinal afferents
• Interface allows integration of other neuronal models from commonly used databases
• User-friendly import & visualization of nerve geometries from commonly used databases
• Determining thresholds through titration procedure
• Detection of neuronal spikes and their occurence times
• SENN model can be applied inside whole body models
• Novel spatially varying temperature dependence impact on the neuronal dynamics
• Capturing & plotting membrane dynamics over time
• Easily define pulse sources that correspond to gradient switching fields
• Applicable to heterogeneous, anisotropic dielectric environment model, including the most complex anatomical representations

Thermal Tissue Damage Model (T-CEM-43)

• CEM43 and Arrhenius tissue damage models
• Alternative of accurate (slow) or approximative (fast) evaluation
• Effect iso-surfaces
• (Cumulative) Histograms, such as those commonly used in treatment planning

FRAMEWORK

Advanced Modeling Tool Set (MODELER)

• 3D modeling environment (based on the ACIS toolkit)
• OGL & VTK-based renderer (easy handling of >> 10'000 parts)
• Topological Morphing for conformal 3D modeling to arbitrary surfaces
• Interactive CAD modeling (no preprocessor or live-link needed)
• Modeling units: metric, imperial
• User-guided and/or CAD import-based modeling
• Adjustable transparency, shaded/facet views, etc.
• Drag & Drop for quick-moving between groups and objects
• Specialized rooting tool for implant lead trajectories
• 3D spatial or 2D planar modeling
• Dedicated tool to extract the outer surfaces of CAD models in form of simplified triangulated meshes
• Perspective visualization mode
• Mouse, snapping & key-based input, vertices for facilitated modeling
• Predefined 2D & 3D objects (incl. helix, etc.)
• Fully parametrized modeling
• Sweeping, extruding, skinning, rotating, etc. of objects
• Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, etc.
• Tilted Lumped elements, Sources & Sensors
• 3D arbitrary object array generation
• CAD projection tool to project multiple solid regions on a target surface
• Special tool to check implant routings & to splits them into sections corresponding to regions passed through
• Annotation tool to allow identification tissue labels to be entered in image segmentation (label field) entities
• Python scripter for generation of arbitrary objects (analytical, etc.)
• CAD derived parametrization
• Localized CAD element modeling
• Boolean operations on CAD objects
• Poser Tool with natural joint rotation limits
• Parametrized birdcage builder with tuning capacitors
• Capable of converting triangular surface meshes into parameterized CAD models (e.g., NURBS-based).
• Functionality to extract, smooth, and simplify tissue/organ surfaces from segmented medical image data
• Tool to draw splines on the surface of triangle mesh models
• Improved image importer supporting additional formats for multi-component (tensor) images

Poser Tool (POSER)

• Based on biomechanical FEM simulation
• Easy articulation of joints in their physiological ranges
• Deformation of the soft tissue without loss of connectivity and without changes in the total tissue volume
• Predefined postures for standing, sitting and lying persons

Mesher Engine (MESHER)

Rectilinear Mesh

• Adaptive, non-uniform meshing (graded)
• Fastest high-speed grid generator, object-analysis-intelligence
• Unique FDTD/GPU subgridding scheme (structure-adaptive)
• Predefined/customizable grid templates (fast settings assignment)
• New user-friendly & intuitive engine (gang axes / settings simplification)
• Voxel connectivity check for PEC/metal connectivity verification
• High-level automation (one-click-grid)
• Broad variety of user-defined grid settings
• Real-time object selective gridding
• Geometrical analysis of solids for grid refinement
• GUI-based selection of estimated grid size/simulation time trade-off
• Fast 3D or 2D conformal or Yee mesh viewer
• Region selective mesh visualization (plane, cube, etc.)
• Fully native 64 bit support for large meshes (>> 1 billion cells)

Volumetric Mesh

• Tetrahedral volume mesher based on VKI engine
• Mesh import tools for third-party meshes (e.g., VTK, VTU, EXODUS, NASTRAN)
• Local remeshing tool to adapt surface or volume meshes to improve mesh quality
• Boolean operations: Merge, Imprint
• Mesh refinement tool to refine the overall mesh or a sub-volume
• Mesh extrusion tool to extrude 2D meshes along a trajectory into prismatic/hexahedral based elongated structures
• Thin layer insertion tool to insert thin layers at interfaces between meshed regions
• Mesh quality viewer
• Delaunay approach or an Advancing Front method (for volumetric meshes)
• Mesh quality inspector (wide range of metrics and rapid visualization of low-quality element locations requiring further processing)
• Supports refinement regions

Surface Mesh

• Triangle surface mesher to create surface meshes of complex structures
• Variety of tools for editing & preprocessing surface meshes
• Robust conversion of small and medium-sized surface meshes to NURBS models

Postprocessing/Analysis Engine (ANALYZER)

• Fast 3D OGL QTech or vtk- based rendering/visualization of result data
• Novel vtk-based pipeline architecture, template pipelines (on-demand driven work/data flow)
• Complex postprocessing steps to be combined or stored as analysis or visualization “projects”
• Supports generic data processing
• Unstructured/regular field data
• Processing algorithms (filtering, evaluation, etc.)
• Interactive, control directly via 3d window
• 2D & 3D view, animations
• Volume rendering on GPU, streamlines, maximum intensity projection, interpolation on arbitrary 3D structures, surface field rendering, etc.
• Calculators, processing algorithms (resampling, filtering, evaluation, cropping)
• Computation of power balance including losses in SiBC
• Functionality to compress 3D field data for output files of FDTD simulations and consume far less disk space
• Generating model objects, e.g., at special features of the field which can be used for grid refinement, sensors, reference points, etc.
• Improved 2D XY plots, polar plots, Smith chart
• Radiation pattern (3D in model, 2D XY/polar)
• EM fields (Avg P, B, D, E, H, J, S, Energy, etc.)
• Radiation & far-field data, efficiency, TIS, TRP, Radar Cross-Section
• SAR/absorption (Av. 1g/10g/arbitrary IEEE1529, distributions, dP/dV)
• Full multi-port S-Parameter extraction
• Solid/material selective extraction/processing
• User-oriented Line Field Extraction tool
• Statistics processing, visualization & extraction into tables
• Sleek option to slice a model from the slice field viewer and generate cross-section visualization of the (selected) model parts
• Total current flux normalization option for low-frequency simulations driven by a potential difference
• Import of magnetic field data measured using MAGPy probe
• 3D viewers (2D planar slice, overlay on surfaces conformal/Yee, vectors/arrows, ISO surfaces, etc.)
• Novel 3D vector & streamline viewers
• Combination/comparison & visualization of multiple results
• Overlaid visualization of model/voxels/results
• Fast handling of 64 bit results (>> 1 billion voxels, native 64 bit)
• Full Python scripting engine support (interfacing of all features)
• Data processing in time & frequency domains
• Data export into 3rd party editors
• Import of 3D medical image formats, including Nifty, Analyze, UNC Metaheader 
• Viewer exports to image data
• Automatic Cache Save/Load extracted results

Python Scripting Engine (PYTHON)

• Python densely/smoothly embedded into Sim4Life framework
• Scripting function access to all Sim4Life features on all levels (modeling, grid, simulation, postprocessing, etc.)
• Integrated Enthought Python package (wide range of powerful libraries, such as SciPy, NumPy, & pandas)
• Possibility to use entire Sim4Life API programmatically without starting the GUI
• API using Python 3 by default
• Fully interfaced scripter for automation, batching, parametrization
• Script editor (with visual support) embedded in GUI
• Enhanced tabbed script editor, with multi-selection file opening
• Possibility to write, execute and debug scripts for Sim4Life from Visual Studio Code 
• Python API Browser & automatic API lookup
• Unbounded user customization possibilities (generate a user’s own library of tools, build a customized Sim4Life environment)
• Launch batch simulations, parametrization, optimization
• Automated extraction of various parameters & result data of interest

HPC Auto-Scheduler & Control (ARES)

Networking

• Fully integrated centralized task manager
• All functionality (remote computing, HPC) seamlessly integrated into Sim4Life & Python framework
• Parallel processing of computationally intensive tasks (e.g., meshing, simulation, postprocessing)
• Remote execution via cloud (e.g., Amazon), localhost, GPU server, MPI cluster, p2p, etc.
• Heavily multi-threaded execution for modeling, meshing, voxeling, and postprocessing
• Queuing control instances, statistics
• Solver control via Sim4Life GUI
• Intelligent job submission
• Job progress via a web browser (http based) on mobile devices, etc.

HPC

• AXE GPU libraries
• ZMT HPC/CUDA libraries
• Cluster-MPI for Linux
• Improved OpenMP parallelization for all of the above mentioned
• Servers/Workstations, single- or multiple GPU systems
• AXE MPI engine (for multi-CPU/multi-core distributed clusters)

GUI & Workflow (GUI)

• Integrated Modeling/ Simulation/Analysis environments
• Drag & drop-based assignments and powerful interactive handling
• Tree-based access to all simulation parts (settings, solids, materials, grids, results, postprocessing, etc.)
• Context dependent menus, options, and functions
• Easy copy-paste of entire simulations or settings parts
• 3D or 2D planar views
• SnagIt® integration for easy image/video capturing
• Selection, zooming, 3-D mouse-only based handling, light rendering
• Calculator tools for various functions
• Fully native 64 bit support (large models, voxel numbers, and results)

High Performance Computing (HPC)

Acceleware

• Advanced libraries for EM-FDTD
• Support for thin sheets, dispersive media and lossy metals
• Option to add support for Subgrid (local refinement)
• Multi-GPU support

CUDA

• Libraries for EM-FDTD, Acoustics and THERMAL
• Multi-GPU support

MPI

• Libraries for Flow
• Libraries for EM-QS

Parameter Sweeping Engine (SWEEPER)

• Result-oriented paradigm: post-processing goals are defined before running many simulation
• GUI-based parameter sweeps
• Parametrization of CAD elements
• Parametrization of modeling operations
• Parametrization of simulation settings
• Parametrization of post-processing tools
• Import/Export of parameter space by copy/paste (e.g., to Excel)
• Distribution of tasks to multiple machines in parallel
• High-level automation (one-click-sweep)
• Advanced sorting and filtering of sweep results
• Real-time task monitoring and comprehensive logging capability
• Automatic grid updates when model objects change
• Automatic update of frequency-dependent material settings
• Sparse and smart data management: only relevant results are kept
• Powerful sweep engine handles all tasks in the background, without affecting the main GUI

MODULES

IMAnalytics (IMA)

Medical Image Segmentation Tool Set (iSEG)

• Fully integrated image segmentation toolbox
• Efficient, fast & flexible generation of anatomical models
• Compatible with all common CT & MRI image formats available
• Various segmentation methods: competitive region growing approaches, clustering, live-wire delineation, fuzzy connectedness analysis, level-set methods, etc.
• Dedicated vasculature segmentation approaches
• Topologically flexible interpolation for accelerated segmentation
• Flexible combination of interactive & automatic segmentation algorithms
• Including anatomical reference atlases
• Enabling personalized modeling & treatment planning
• Supporting large data-sets
• Image pre- & postprocessing (noise removal, masking, filtering, image math, image transformations, skin adding, hole/gap removal, smoothing, morphological operations, etc.)
• Feature analysis, edge extraction, connected components, measurements (areas, volumes, distances, angles, torsion)
• Advance surface extraction & processing (smoothing, simplification) available in Sim4Life
• Surface generations produces conforming, topologically compatible, high quality triangle surface meshes ideally suited for volume mesh generation
• Hierarchical tissue organization, support for multilayer segmentation
• Advanced 3D rendering

MRI Receive Coil Array Designer (MUSAIK)

MRI Scanner Simulator (SYSSIM)

MRI Volume Coil Designer (BCAGE)

Parallel Transmit Coil Designer (TxCOIL)

Multi-Parameter Multi-Goal Optimizer (OPTIMIZER)

• Easy setup (Guided Mode) and full customization (Expert Mode)
• Multiple design variables (geometry, material, lumped elements)
• Multiple objectives & constraints (reflection coefficient, averaged SAR, radiation efficiency)
• Integration with DAKOTA
• Global optimization methods
• Support for mathematical expressions
• Sorting and filtering of optimization results
• Real-time task monitoring and comprehensive logging capability
• Automatic grid updates when model objects change
• Automatic update of frequency-dependent material settings
• Powerful optimization engine handles all tasks in the background, without affecting the main GUI
• Interactive and customizable 2D plots

RF MRI Safety Evaluator (IMSAFE)

Refine/Simplification Mesh Editor (REMESH)

GA-Based Dispersive Fitting Tool (DISPFIT)

Integrated Pipeline/Analysis Calculator (PPCALC)

Matching Circuit Engine (MATCH)

SAR Evaluation Tool (MBSAR)

5G Simulation Toolkit (5G TOOLKIT)

Generalized Huygens Source (HUYGENS)

Image Data Im/Exporter (IMG)

Voxel/Cloud Data Importer/Converter (VOX)